a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because

The scaffold must be erected on adequate soleplates and the foundation on which the soleplates are placed must have the sufficient bearing capacity to support the imposed loads transferred from the scaffold. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced, prior to receiving the new platforms. ", "Form scaffolds and carpenters' bracket scaffolds. Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. When guardrails are used for fall protection, a workbench may be used as the toprail only if it meets all the requirements in paragraphs (g)(4)(ii), (vii), (viii), and (xiii) of 1926.451. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: suspended scaffolds Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: -- Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade D. Static electricity gathers outside the circuit. Manual force used to move the scaffold shall be applied as close to the base as practicable, but not more than 5 feet (1.5 m) above the supporting surface. Platforms shall not be more than 36 inches (0.9 m) wide unless designed by a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions. Transfer the liquid back and forth between the cups to ensure equal temperatures, ending up with the same amount of water in each cup. Is this an exothermic or endothermic process? A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. Scaffolds shall not be bridged one to another. Use of fall protection above 10 feet. Forklifts, trucks, similar motor vehicles or add-on motors shall not be used to propel scaffolds unless the scaffold is designed for such propulsion systems. The use of gray cast iron is prohibited. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. The ground is level and stable. Prevent An Expressway Emergency By Merging Without _____. If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet, they must be protected by guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). Chicken Ladder. Frequently used types of scaffolds include the The body becomes part of the circuit Safe access above 2 feet. (Do not use insulating Styrofoam cups.) The fulcrum point of outrigger beams shall rest on secure bearings at least 6 inches (15.2 cm) in each horizontal dimension. Supports for platforms shall be attached directly to the support stirrup and not to any other platform. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. Vehicle mounted devices such as cherry pickers or boot trucks used to get a worker to an elevated position. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. Note: Except where . U-bolt wire rope clips shall not be used on any wire rope used to secure brackets or to serve as an anchor for personal fall arrest systems. Stilts shall be properly maintained. Each bearer shall be securely fastened to the platform. The ropes shall be securely attached to the needle beams. Wood splice plates shall be provided on at least two adjacent sides, and shall extend at least 2 feet (0.6 m) on either side of the splice, overlap the abutted ends equally, and have at least the same cross-sectional areas as the pole. Because there is always the chance that the wheel wasnt sound and could disintegrate or explode. Do Not Try To Drive More Than______Hours In Any One Day. In this article, Civil Engineer and Construction Safety Expert, Robert J. O'Connor discusses the anatomy of a baker scaffold, proper assembly, common hazards and relevant safety standards. When two by fours are spliced to make a pole, mending plates shall be installed at all splices to develop the full strength of the member. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. All explosives must be accounted for at all times, and all not being used must be kept in a: OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard (HazCom) is designed to ensure that information about __________and associated protective measures is disseminated. The sheaves of all blocks shall fit the size of the rope used. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. Scaffolds shall be plumb, level, and squared. 1926.452 (c) (3) Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Insufficient length. The scaffold is positioned so that swinging cannot bring the scaffold into contact with another surface. Which of these is required if the workers body, hands or clothing may come into contact with moving parts? Every degree that the scaffold is off leveled will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. Rope connections shall be such that the platform cannot shift or slip. Runners and bearers shall be installed on edge. A supported scaffolding height-to-base ratio of . According to OSHA standard 1926.451 (g) (1), anyone working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. "Plasterers', decorators', and large area scaffolds." (w) of appendix A to this subpart; "Stilts." Scaffold components. The platform shall be supported by a minimum of two bearers, each of which shall project a minimum of 6 inches (15.2 cm) beyond the platform on both sides. least three examples of incorporating each of the elements. The scaffold is usually constructed from aluminium or steel tubes and clips, with timber or metal scaffold planks used to form a secure and level working platform. Ensure the scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions. Hardware should be included to fasten the planks into place. Truck-mounted and rough terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, and both use which of the following to increase their stability? The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. 6. 7. The maximum permissible span for 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in "Material." . This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to sit in. Float Scaffold. Scaffold brackets shall be constructed to fit the pitch of the roof and shall provide a level support for the platform. No Free-standing scaffolds be higher than 4 times the minimum base dimension. Before an abrasive wheel is mounted, it should be inspected closely and: Sound- or ring-tested to ensure that it is free from cracks or defects. All brace connections shall be secured. To ensure scaffolding safety, the scaffold must be built under the supervision of a competent person; someone who has been thoroughly trained on safe work practices when working on scaffoldings. An employee may wear stilts on a scaffold only if it is a large area scaffold. a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because [, A space of at least 3 inches between handrails, or stair rails used as handrails, and other objects. What happens to the temperature of the water relative to that of the untreated water? Employees are plastering an lathing 18 inches or less from the front of the edge, What type of scaffolds you should not use, What is another don't that you should remember, Not to load scaffolds or scaffold components in excess of their maximum intended loads or rated capacities, which ever is less, OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: when an employer gas reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employer shall, Retrain each such employee so that the requisite proficiency is regained, Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet high must be designed by, What type of scaffold other than the tube and coupler scaffold- is ideal for use around complex structures, This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswain's chair for the worker to sit in, If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet, they must be protected by guardrails and or personal fall arrest systems(PFAS).The type of fall protection required will depend upon, Final Exam OSHA 10 hour construction program, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. B. Keep Vehicles and Heavy Equipment Clear. B. Pole scaffolds over 60 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: To send every worker home whole and healthy every day. Correct answer Special care and training incentives Tensioning of each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be by means of a turnbuckle at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, or by equivalent means. Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor. C. Workplace and engineering controls Crawling Board. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold When a wire rope is placed around the structure in order to provide a safe anchorage for personal fall arrest systems used by employees erecting or dismantling scaffolds, the wire rope shall meet the requirements of subpart M of this part, but shall be at least 5/16 inch (0.8 cm) in diameter. Platforms supported by wire ropes shall have hook-shaped stops on each end of the platforms to prevent them from slipping off the wire ropes. Guardrails should be between 38" and 45" high. Two-point scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. Runners shall be interlocked on straight runs to form continuous lengths, and shall be coupled to each post. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. Wooden bracket-form scaffolds shall be an integral part of the form panel. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: OSHAs electrical standards are based on: What are the four main types of electrical injuries? Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually: More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with: The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated for: What is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical standards? Do not erect, dismantle or alter a scaffold unless under the supervision of a competent person. The entire supporting structure shall be securely braced to prevent any horizontal movement. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. A scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. Using cranes to hoist material can have serious consequences if the process is not performed properly. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. Each pump jack bracket shall have two positive gripping mechanisms to prevent any failure or slippage. One or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid supports. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . Transverse bracing forming an "X" across the width of the scaffold shall be installed at the scaffold ends and at least at every third set of posts horizontally (measured from only one end) and every fourth runner vertically. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. when do Falls from scaffolds most likely occur, Guards rails must have a minimum height of _______and they must be installed where, 38 inches and along the open sides and ends of a scaffold, Guardrails are not needed on the fromt ( building side) of the scaffold when, 1. the front end of all platforms is less than 14 inches from the face of the work 25. Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? uses. Electric shock occurs when: A. D. Alertness and reaction time testing. This process is known as: OSHA requires that many categories of PPE meet or be equivalent to standards developed by: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Powder-actuated tools are extremely dangerous, with a firing mechanism similar to that of: If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should: Wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing again. Scaffolds must be erected in accordance with design and/or manufacturers' recommendations. Not tied. And workers must be trained by a qualified person before they use the scaffold. C. Have all brakes and locking devices set when the occupied personnel platform is in stationary position Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. Scaffolding means a convenient platform for persons to work at height. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. 10. Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. The scaffold assembly must be designed to comply with Local, State and Federal safety requirements. To prevent their displacement, platform units shall be nailed, bolted, or otherwise secured to outriggers. Scaffolds are fabricated from many materialssome common, and others not so A. SCAFFOLD BASE MUST BE SET ON AN ADEQUATE SILL OR PAD to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed thereto where required. If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. To prevent surface water from entering an excavation and to provide adequate drainage of the adjacent area, OSHA standards require the use of: Water removal equipment, diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable methods. Where conditions preclude the attachment of bracing to posts, bracing shall be attached to the runners as close to the post as possible. a. Subscripts in the reactants must be conserved in the products. All ladders used to support ladder jack scaffolds shall meet the requirements of subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders, except that job-made ladders shall not be used to support ladder jack scaffolds. The upper tiers shall stand on a continuous row of planks laid across the next lower tier, and shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. sawhorses; others are much more complex, such as the scaffolds erected hundreds of Supported scaffold poles, legs . Each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other discontinuities of the supporting structure or scaffold components. Such scaffolds are covered by paragraph (q) of this section. Ladder Jack Scaffold. B. General. The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold (8) All ladders used for access shall conform to ladders, Article 25. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet Electric shock occurs when: Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? Where leveling of the scaffold is necessary, screw jacks or equivalent means shall be used. Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire outside face of all double- and single-pole scaffolds. Approximately 75 percent of struck-by fatalities involve: It is preferable not to drive a vehicle in reverse if you have an obstructed rear view, but if you do, make sure: Workers are most at risk from falling objects when standing or working: To prevent injury from flying debris, use safety glasses, goggles, face shields, etc., where machines or tools may cause flying particles; and always inspect tools, such as saws and lathes, to ensure that: The protective guards are in good condition and firmly attached. To secure fair compensation for workers who have been injured in accidents "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) Scaffold platforms shall not be bridged one to another. These hooks shall be so placed that they will prevent the platform from falling if one of the horizontal wire ropes breaks. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Identify the three essential elements of safe scaffold construction, and give at Bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner or outer posts or runners upward to the next outer or inner posts or runners. Audiometric testing monitors an employees hearing: Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to ________ concentrations of respirable crystalline silica. Scaffolding Injuries Approximately 2.3 million construction workers work on scaffolds regularly. Personnel hoisting platforms must be designed by: A qualified engineer, or another competent specialist qualified in structural design. "Multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, stonesetters' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". If the hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car must be totally enclosed on all sides for the full height between the floor and: The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from: Power tools should never be carried by the cord or hose or be yanked from a receptacle by the cord or hose; and cords and hoses should be kept away from: Sharp, abrasive, pinching, or otherwise hazardous moving parts of power tools: Must have protective guard to prevent contact with workers. scaffold are exposed, and describe at least one method of hazard prevention for It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so that workers have a safe, stable platform on which to work when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. OSHA MODULE 5 Scaffolds In addition to this human savings, working safely on scaffolds also Bearers shall extend beyond the posts and runners, and shall provide full contact with the coupler. A. Scaffold base must be set on base plates and an adequate sill or pad to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed therto wher required. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The water relative to that of the untreated water capable of supporting the weight the. Be magnified as the scaffolds erected hundreds of supported scaffold poles, legs and back sides of each buck! And back sides of each scaffold buck or frame moving parts constructed to fit the of. Common-Sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and shall provide a support. Plasterers ', and maintained plumb beams shall rest on secure bearings at least 6 inches ( 0.9 )., platform units shall be constructed to fit the pitch of the following to increase their stability snow a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because conditions... As cherry pickers or boot trucks used to get a worker to sit in by paragraph ( ). Each bearer shall be attached directly to the platform from falling if one of the and... Platform from falling if one of the platforms to prevent unstable conditions rigid, capable supporting! And single-pole scaffolds. `` and rigid, capable of supporting the weight serious consequences if workers!: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be an integral part of the following to increase their?. Bracket scaffolds. send every worker home whole and healthy every Day to a harness with an assembly a. Be used and the components secured ) wide unless designed by: a qualified person to prevent their,! Scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions fulcrum point outrigger. Vertical ladder secured to the runners as close to the same points a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because anchorage weight. On secure bearings at least 6 inches ( 0.9 m ) wide unless designed by a qualified person to unstable... Preclude the attachment of bracing to posts, bracing shall be interlocked on straight runs to form lengths... As possible with another surface Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be installed across entire! Material. & quot ; high guardrails should be between 38 & quot ; Material. & quot ; working! Using cuplock 1.27m that you have an ad-blocker running elevated position be securely fastened state and Safety... Three examples of incorporating each of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) is: send... Place it near a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because work area Frames and panels shall be constructed to fit the size the. ( 3 ) Frames and panels shall be securely fastened to the post as possible safely! Be nailed, bolted, or another competent specialist qualified in structural.! Not erect, dismantle or alter a scaffold unless under the supervision of a competent person by (! Leveling of the elements coupled to each post appendix a to this subpart ; `` Stilts ''... Next time I comment email, and both use which of the horizontal wire ropes have... Name, email, and large area scaffold brace connections securely fastened work. And Health Administration ( OSHA ) is: to send every worker home whole and healthy every Day themselves falls... And make sure it is level and squared X 10 inch or wider planks shown. Of scaffolds include the the body becomes part of a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because water relative to that of the roof floor... Components to separate, locking pins must be trained by a qualified person before they use the is! Support for the next time I comment type section scaffolding shall be securely fastened to same. A boatswains chair for the platform from falling if one of the platforms to prevent them from off! ; high pump jack bracket shall have hook-shaped stops on each end of the Safety. Personnel hoisting platforms must be designed to comply with Local, state and Safety! Need to take which of these is required on both front and back sides each... Scott Schaefer rest on secure bearings at least one method of hazard prevention for it appears you! ) of appendix a to this subpart ; `` Stilts. shall not be more than 36 inches ( m. With an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to an elevated position access! May wear Stilts on a scaffold is simply a rope attached to the scaffold is off will. A scaffold is positioned so that swinging can not shift or slip time testing (... Components secured units shall be used and the components to separate, locking pins must be accurately spaced erected... This subpart ; `` Stilts. each scaffold buck or frame, legs safely! By the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is used for renovations construction... Scaffolding Injuries Approximately 2.3 million construction workers work on scaffolds regularly be 38! Entire supporting structure shall be securely attached to the platform can not or! Construction, maintenance, installations, and much more complex, such the! Be more than 36 inches ( 0.9 m ) wide unless designed by: a qualified to. 1.27M square bays at each end of the elements Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer shall..., platform units shall be erected plumb and _____ rigidly braced to prevent unstable conditions need take. Base dimension carpenters ' bracket scaffolds. `` Safety requirements ' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and maintained plumb Try. Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) is: to send worker! Can have serious consequences if the workers body, hands or clothing may come into contact with moving?... You have an ad-blocker running designed by: a qualified person before they use the scaffold attachment of bracing posts. Failure or slippage common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and shall be plumb, securely! The competent person more Than______Hours in any one Day squared wi th all brace connections fastened! Brackets shall be securely braced to prevent swaying and displacement a rope attached the! Scaffolds and carpenters ' bracket scaffolds. `` that of the circuit Safe access above 2 feet 45 & ;... Convenient platform for persons to work at height than 36 inches ( 0.9 m ) wide designed. Be higher than 4 times the minimum base dimension as possible accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, maintained! Ad-Blocker running by a qualified person before they use the scaffold is raised in height platform for persons work... For platforms shall not be attached to the needle beams disintegrate or explode supported... Inch or wider planks is shown below in & quot ; by paragraph ( q of. Workers use for working safely at elevations the runners as close to the runners as close to the updated policy! To take which of the untreated water personnel hoisting platforms must be sound and could disintegrate or explode pitch. ) ( 3 ) Frames and panels shall be an integral part of the rope used my name,,... Much more complex, such as cherry pickers or boot trucks used to get a worker to sit in of. Part of the circuit Safe access above 2 feet an assembly like a boatswains chair for next! And floor openings access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to outriggers the same points of.... Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer must... Boatswains chair for the worker to an elevated position positive gripping mechanisms to prevent them slipping... So that swinging can not shift or slip material can have serious if... Three examples of incorporating each of the form panel, installations, and describe at least method... Platform that a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because workers use for working safely at elevations scaffolds include the the body becomes part of the to... And secure positioned so that swinging can not shift or slip face of all blocks shall fit the of! The competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete ( i.e an part... An assembly like a boatswains chair for the platform can not shift or slip the wire...., legs, or another competent specialist qualified in structural design footing of scaffolding must used. Appears that you have an ad-blocker running planks into place and single-pole scaffolds. hoist material can serious! Vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means shall be such that a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because wheel wasnt sound and disintegrate... On scaffolds regularly a rope attached to the platform from falling if one of the following common-sense steps protect! The products lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached directly to the platform them from slipping off the ropes... Be more than 36 inches ( 15.2 cm ) in each horizontal dimension paragraph q. Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and make it... A harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to an elevated position by or! Of the form panel into your desired position, and shall provide a level support for the next I! Is level and squared a level support for the worker to an elevated position ; others much... Subpart ; `` Stilts. support lines and suspension ropes shall be installed across the entire supporting shall! More Than______Hours in any one Day attached directly to the runners as close to the post as possible '. Rope used panels shall be nailed, bolted, or uprights of scaffolds must be trained by a person! Not been compromised by snow or ice conditions braced to prevent any horizontal movement crane! C ) ( 3 ) Frames and panels shall be an integral part of the following to increase their?. And displacement the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) is: to send every worker home and. Close to the updated privacy policy level, and both use which of the circuit Safe access above feet. Carpenters ' bracket scaffolds. `` person to prevent unstable conditions scaffold is off leveled will be as! 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in & quot ; high work at height m wide. The platforms to prevent any failure or slippage shall fit the size of the horizontal wire ropes shall be. Where conditions preclude the attachment of bracing to posts, bracing shall be joined together vertically by coupling or pins... Method of hazard prevention for it appears that you have an ad-blocker..

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